You have already described how to do it

1st layer is your background with the face/ flower.
2nd layer contains a radial gradient from transparent (at the centre) to white (at the edges). Layer mode to Saturation. Alternatively, copy the background layer, convert it to monochrome, add a layer mask that contains a radial gradient from black (centre) to white (edges).
3rd layer is a copy of all visible stuff. Menu Edit -> Copy Visible. Paste in new layer. Blur this layer. Add a layer mask that contains a radial gradient from black (centre) to white (edges).
4th layer contains a radial gradient from transparent (centre) to black (edges). Play with the opacity and the layer modes (try Normal, Overlay, Hard Edge, Soft Edge, Multiply).
With those steps you should get your wanted result.